Which pharmaceutical process uses the Laplace equation?

The correct answer is D. Droplet formation.
The Laplace equation is widely used in pharmaceutical engineering to explain the pressure difference that exists across the surface of a liquid droplet or bubble due to surface tension. This principle plays a crucial role in processes involving emulsions, aerosols, suspensions, and spray drying, where droplet formation and stability are important. According to the Laplace equation, smaller droplets possess higher internal pressure because of greater surface curvature. Understanding this relationship helps in controlling particle size, stability, and formulation quality in pharmaceutical manufacturing. The equation is therefore especially significant in studying and optimizing droplet formation processes in pharmaceutical and chemical industries.